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国家税务总局关于进一步做好所得税收入分享体制改革后征管工作的通知

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国家税务总局关于进一步做好所得税收入分享体制改革后征管工作的通知

国家税务总局


国家税务总局关于进一步做好所得税收入分享体制改革后征管工作的通知

国税发[2002]120号
国家税务总局
2002-9-12


各省、自治区、直辖市和计划单列市国家税务局、地方税务局:

所得税收入分享体制改革实施半年来,各级税务机关讲政治、讲大局、讲团结、讲协作,根据国务院的改革方案和国家税务总局的规定,在所得税征管工作中相互配合,密切合作,使所得税收入分享体制改革得以顺利推进。为进一步做好所得税征收管理工作,确保所得税收入分享体制改革落实到位,现就有关问题通知如下:
一、进一步提高对所得税收入分享体制改革重要意义的认识

国务院决定改革所得税收入分享体制,具有十分重要而深远的政治和经济意义,目的是为了进一步规范中央和地方政府之间的分配关系,建立合理的分配机制,减缓地区间财力差距的扩大,防止重复经济建设,支持西部大开发,促进社会主义市场经济健康发展,逐步实现共同富裕,为国家长治久安打下坚实的基础。各级税务机关一定要从实践“三个代表”、确保国家长治久安和保持我国经济持续、稳定、健康发展的政治经济全局角度,深刻领会国务院战略决策的重大意义,自觉做好所得税收入分享体制改革后的各项工作。要进一步贯彻“加强征管、堵塞漏洞、惩治腐败、清缴欠税”的工作方针,切实采取措施加强所得税征收管理,确保所得税收入分享体制改革的顺利实施,确保所得税各项工作任务的完成。
二、坚决清理纠正越权自定的所得税优惠政策

近年来,一些地区为发展地方经济、吸引投资,在统一政策之外越权自定了不少所得税优惠政策。在我国加入世界贸易组织后,继续这样做不仅不能真正起到吸收投资的作用,而且也不符合依法治税的原则。实施所得税收入分享体制改革后,所得税收入中央、地方共享,地方越权自定所得税优惠政策,还将侵蚀中央收入,削弱所得税收入分享体制改革的作用。另外,国务院领导一再强调,即使是地方收入的部分,各地也无权任意减免。各地税务机关应按照国家税务总局的要求,对地方越权擅自制定的各种企业所得税优惠政策进行认真清理,并立即停止执行。已清理的优惠政策,不得反弹。必须严格按照税法规定的条件和范围执行现行有关优惠政策,国家税务总局将适时组织执法检查,一经发现本通知下发后仍继续执行地方越权制定的所得税优惠政策的情况将予以通报,并按照税收征管法的规定,依法追究直接责任人的行政责任。
三、保持所得税政策的一致性

按照所得税收入分享体制改革后新的所得税征管范围,国税局、地税局必须保持所得税政策的一致性,若执行所得税政策不统一,税基管理不一致,就会人为造成企业的税收负担有轻有重,违反税收的公平原则,增加税务机关征收管理的难度,削弱税务机关执法的权威性。因此,在执行所得税政策上,国税局、地税局要多通气、多协调,尽量取得一致意见。对政策理解分歧较大、难以统一意见的,要及时请示总局解决。税务机关在所得税征管中要严格依法办事,坚持以税法规定为基础,要完善执法责任制。
四、切实加强对核定征收所得税企业的管理

各级税务机关要努力促使企业建账建制,坚持对具备条件的企业实行查账征收。但是,目前我国还有大量中小企业不具备查账征收条件,对这些中小企业,要按照税收征管法和企业所得税核定征税有关办法的规定,进一步规范核定征税的程序和方法,切实加强管理,特别是对税额的核定要坚持民主评议程序,防止由于人为因素造成税负不公;要对随着经营规模扩大、核定标准与企业实际经营情况发生显著变化的核定征税企业,及时调整核定标准或改为据实征收;国税局、地税局要做好核定征税工作的沟通、衔接,绝不允许为争抢管户,竞相压低核定征税的标准,对相同或类似行业、规模、地域的企业,核定的税负要尽可能保证一致。
五、进一步加强协作,切实防止漏管重征

关于所得税收入分享体制改革后的税收征收管理范围问题《国务院关于印发所得税收入分享改革方案的通知》(国发[2001]37号文件)和《国家税务总局关于所得税收入分享体制改革后税收征管范围的通知》(国税发[2002]8号文件)已经做了较为详细的规定。各级税务机关必须严格按上述文件规定划分征管范围,不得争抢或推诿。要按照税收征管法的有关规定,加强与工商行政管理等部门的协调配合,既要防止出现漏征漏管户,也要防止出现国税局、地税局两家重征重管,给纳税人造成不必要的麻烦和负担。对由于企业改革中不断出现新情况,有关部门在新设立企业的登记管理方面掌握的口径不尽一致,造成各地国税局、地税局实际划分征管范围不便的,各级税务机关一定要讲团结、讲大局,本着既坚持原则,又注意沟通协商的精神,具体情况具体分析、具体解决。沟通协商不一致的,要向上级税务机关请示,决不允许在协商未取得一致意见前,单方面对国务院和国家税务总局关于征管范围的规定发文明确解释口径。


从一案看雇佣合同与承揽合同之区分

宋飞


一、案情:
根据李某申请,区劳动保障局作出《工伤认定书》,其内容大致如下:“2003年8月15日,大富豪酒店聘用李某在该店做临时工。同年12月17日,李某在楼上往油罐里加油时,不慎从上滑下来,造成左股骨上殿粉碎性骨折、左跟骨粉碎性骨折。根据法律法规,李某属在工作时受伤,因此,区劳动保障局认定李某为工伤。”对此,酒店不服,认为李某是医七一商场维修服务人员的名义到本酒店承揽电器维修服务工作,本酒店从照顾关系出发,才同意让其到本酒店从事电器维修工作。出事那天,李某按要求对酒店输油泵进行维修后,未经本酒店任何人指派和同意,擅自违反操作规程和安全管理规定,给本酒店楼上的油罐加油,不慎从油罐顶上滑下,造成重伤,应后果自负,酒店不承担工伤保险责任。遂诉至法院,请求撤销该工伤认定。
二、试比较2005年司法考试卷三多项选择第62题:
62.甲公司经营空调买卖业务,并负责售后免费为客户安装。乙为专门从事空调安装服务的个体户。甲公司因安装人员不足,临时叫乙自备工具为其客户丙安装空调,并约定了报酬。乙在安装中因操作不慎坠楼身亡。下列哪些说法是正确的?
A.甲公司和乙之间是临时雇佣合同法律关系
B.甲公司和乙之间是承揽合同法律关系
C.甲公司应承担适当赔偿责任
D.甲公司不应承担赔偿责任
评价:上下两个案情看上去很有相似之处,只不过2005年司法考试卷三多项选择第62题所述的这种情形属于承揽合同法律关系,甲公司不应承担赔偿责任。而李某案的情况则恰恰相反。由此可见司法考试的试题多来源于日常生活!下面我们主要结合李某案来谈谈这其中的微妙之处。
三、对李某受伤案的分析:
1.如劳动保障局的说法成立,李某与酒店之间就构成雇佣合同关系。所谓雇佣合同,是指从事雇主授权或者指示范围内的生产经营活动或者其他劳务活动。雇佣合同具有以下两个显著特征:1)以完成一定的劳动为标的,至于工作成果则不是合同的标的;2)雇员的工作不具有独立性。他一般以雇主的设备、技术为依托而工作,受雇主的指挥管理。李某受伤案中,根据劳动保障局提供的李某自述,自己2003年8月14日本来在外地玩,后来酒店老板来电话,请他回去接酒店电器维修的活,每月600元,试用期一个月发300元。李某答应后就回去找酒店,到出事时已经为酒店干了3个月。而且油罐里的废油也是老板自己买的,加油也是在老板的授意下进行的一项工作。自己灌油时,酒店人员还帮他扶椅子。综上,如果劳动保障局的说法成立,李某与酒店之间就构成雇佣合同关系。根据《最高人民法院关于审理人身损害赔偿案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第11条第1款,“雇员在从事雇佣活动中遭受人身损害,雇主应当承担赔偿责任。”结合本案,酒店也就得为李某承担工伤保险责任。
2.如酒店的说法成立,李某与酒店之间就构成承揽合同关系。按照《中华人民共和国合同法》第251条的规定,承揽合同“是承揽人按照定作人的要求完成工作,交付工作成果,定作人给付报酬的合同。承揽包括加工、定作、修理、复制、测试、检验等工作。”承揽合同具有以下几个特征:1)以完成一定的工作,交付工作成果为标的;2)标的物具有特定的性质,以满足定作人的特殊需要;3)承揽人工作具有独立性。承揽人应以自己的设备、技术和劳力亲自完成约定的工作,不受定作人的指挥管理。本案中,酒店称“出事那天,李某按要求对酒店输油泵进行维修后,未经本酒店任何人指派和同意,擅自违反操作规程和安全管理规定,给本酒店楼上的油罐加油”,李某在自述中也提到为酒店输油泵维修时使用的是自带工具、自行维修。如果酒店的说法成立,李某加油的行为就不受定作人的指挥管理,具有独立作业的特点,那么李某与酒店之间就构成承揽合同关系。根据承揽合同的风险承担规则,承揽人因意外事故或自身过错,造成人身伤亡时,无权要求定作人承担损失,须独自承担责任。结合本案,李某就得自认倒霉了。
四、结论:结合本案,比较雇佣合同与承揽合同的区别。从上面的材料我们不难看出,雇佣合同与承揽合同的最大区别就在风险承担上。在法庭上受害方只有主张劳务合同成立而不主张承揽合同成立,才有可能获得意外伤害赔偿。

参考文献:
1、法律考试中心编,《2006年国家司法考试应试指导 历年试题汇编及答案解析》(修订版),法律出版社2005年11月第一版
2、某区2004年行政复议案卷


作者简介:宋飞,1980年12月11日生, 毕业于华中科技大学法学院,现在湖北黄冈市黄州区政府法制办工作.曾在法律图书馆网发表论文《人治与法治的较量-兼论德治》、《从一案看劳动教养制度的存废》、《房地产权属变更案例评析》、《试论国有资产流失与法律规制》、《周??与》、《盖尤斯与》、《格老秀斯法学思想研究》、《制定法、成文法概念比较研究》、《宪法定义新论》、《试论我国法学教育的现状问题与对策》、《对12起处罚决定被撤销的复议案的法理分析》、《公司法与劳动法竞业禁止原则之比较》、《试论公司监事制度》、《评柏拉图中译本——兼与张智仁、何勤华先生商榷》、《评格老秀斯中译本——兼与何勤华先生商榷》、《浅析交叉执法问题及其对策》;译作《中国传统哲学与争端解决》、《美国诉微软案》、《屠宰场案的负面影响》。

中华人民共和国海关法行政处罚实施细则(附英文)

海关总署


中华人民共和国海关法行政处罚实施细则(附英文)
海关总署


(1987年6月30日国务院批准)

第一章 总 则
第一条 为了实施《中华人民共和国海关法》(以下简称《海关法》)关于法律责任的规定,根据《海关法》第六十条制定本实施细则。
第二条 不构成走私罪的走私行为,构成走私罪但依法免予起诉或者免除刑罚的行为,以及违反海关监管规定的行为的处理,适用本实施细则。

第二章 走私行为及处罚
第三条 有下列行为之一的,是走私行为:
(一)未经国务院或者国务院授权的机关批准,从未设立海关的地点运输、携带国家禁止进出境的物品、国家限制进出口或者依法应当缴纳关税的货物、物品进出境的;
(二)经过设立海关的地点,以藏匿、伪装、瞒报、伪报或者其他手法逃避海关监管,运输、携带、邮寄国家禁止进出境的物品、国家限制进出口或者依法应当缴纳关税的货物、物品进出境的;
(三)未经海关许可并补缴关税,擅自出售特准进口的保税货物、其他海关监管货物或者进境的境外运输工具的;
(四)未经海关许可并补缴关税,擅自出售特定减税或者免税进口用于特定企业、特定用途的货物,或者将特定减免税进口用于特定地区的货物擅自运往境内其他地区的。
第四条 有下列行为之一的,按走私行为论处:
(一)直接向走私人非法收购走私进口的货物、物品的;
(二)在内海、领海运输、收购、贩卖国家禁止进出境的物品的,或者运输、收购、贩卖国家限制进出口的货物、物品,没有合法证明的。
第五条 有本实施细则第三条、第四条所列行为之一的,按照下列规定处罚:
(一)走私国家禁止进出境的物品的,没收走私物品和违法所得,可以并处人民币五万元以下的罚款;
(二)走私国家限制进出口或者依法应当缴纳关税的货物、物品的,没收走私货物、物品和违法所得,可以并处走私货物、物品等值以下或者应缴税款三倍以下的罚款;
(三)专门用于掩护走私的货物、物品,应当没收;藏匿走私货物、物品的特制设备,应当没收或者责令拆毁。
走私货物、物品无法没收时,应当追缴走私货物、物品的等值价款。
第六条 对两人或者两人以上共同所为的走私行为,应当区别情节及责任,分别给予处罚。
知情不报并为走私人提供方便的,没收违法所得,可以并处违法所得两倍以下的罚款;没有违法所得的,处人民币五千元以下的罚款。
第七条 为走私准备工具、制造条件的,比照本实施细则第五条的规定从轻处罚。
第八条 有下列情形之一的,可以从轻或者免予处罚:
(一)走私情节轻微的;
(二)当事人主动交待、检举立功的;
(三)走私行为在三年以后发现的。
前款第(三)项规定的期限,从走私行为发生之日起计算;走私行为是连续状态的,从最后一次走私行为发生之日起计算。

第三章 违反海关监管规定的行为及处罚
第九条 违反海关法规但不构成走私行为的,是违反海关监管规定的行为。
第十条 违反国家进出口管理法规,没有领取许可证件擅自进出口货物的,没收货物或者责令退运;经发证机关核准补发许可证件的,处货物等值以下的罚款。
第十一条 有下列行为之一的,处货物、物品等值以下或者应缴税款两倍以下的罚款:
(一)逃避海关监管,运输、携带、邮寄货物、物品进出境,但有关货物、物品不属于国家禁止进出境的物品、国家限制进出口或者依法应当缴纳关税的货物、物品的;
(二)未经海关许可,擅自开拆、提取、交付、发运、调换、改装、抵押、转让海关监管货物或者海关尚未放行的进出境物品的;
(三)经营保税货物的运输、储存、加工、装配、寄售业务,有关记录不真实或者数量短少不能提供正当理由的;
(四)未经海关许可,将特定减税或者免税进口的货物、物品移作他用的;
(五)进出境货物申报不实的;
(六)不按照规定期限将暂时进出口货物复运出境或者复运进境,擅自留在境内或者境外的;
(七)不按照规定期限将过境、转运、通运货物运输出境,擅自留在境内的;
(八)未经海关批准并补缴关税,擅自转让进出境运输工具的自用物料、物品的。
第十二条 有下列行为之一的,处人民币五万元以下的罚款:
(一)未经国务院或者国务院授权的机关批准,运输工具不经设立海关的地点进出境的;
(二)在海关监管区停留的进出境运输工具,未经海关同意擅自驶离的;
(三)进出境运输工具从一个设立海关的地点驶往另一个设立海关的地点,尚未办结海关手续又未经海关批准,中途改驶境外或者境内未设立海关的地点的。
第十三条 有下列行为之一的,处人民币三万元以下的罚款:
(一)进出境运输工具到达或者驶离设立海关的地点,未按照规定向海关交验有关单证或者交验的单证不真实的;
(二)不按照规定接受海关对进出境运输工具、货物、物品进行检查、查验的;
(三)进出境运输工具未经海关同意,擅自装卸进出境货物、物品或者上下进出境旅客的;
(四)进出境运输工具未经海关同意,擅自兼营境内客货运输或者用于进出境运输以外的其他用途的;
(五)进出境运输工具未按照规定办理海关手续,擅自改营境内运输的;
(六)经营保税货物的储存、加工、装配、寄售业务,不按照规定办理收存、交付、核销手续,或者中止、延长、转让有关合同不按照规定向海关办理手续的;
(七)在海关监管区以外存放海关监管货物,未经海关同意或者不接受海关监管的;
(八)擅自开启或者损毁海关加施于运输工具、仓库场所或者货物的封志的。
第十四条 有下列行为之一的,处人民币两万元以下的罚款:
(一)进境运输工具在进境以后向海关申报以前,出境运输工具在办结海关手续以后出境以前,不按照交通主管机关或者海关指定的路线行进的;
(二)载运海关监管货物的进出境船舶、汽车不按照海关指定的路线行进的;
(三)进出境船舶和航空器,由于不可抗力被迫在未设立海关的地点停泊、降落,以及抛掷或者起卸货物、物品,不向附近海关报告而无正当理由的。
第十五条 有下列行为之一的,责令补税或者将有关物品退运,可以并处物品等值以下的罚款:
(一)个人携带、邮寄超过海关规定数量但数额较小仍属自用的物品进出境,未向海关申报的;
(二)个人携带、邮寄物品进出境,向海关申报不实,或者不接受海关查验的;
(三)经海关登记准予暂时免税进境或者出境的物品,未按规定复带出境或者复带进境的;
(四)未经海关批准,过境人员将其所带物品留在境内的。
第十六条 有下列行为之一的,处人民币一千元以下的罚款:
(一)无特殊原因,未将进出境船舶、火车、航空器到达的时间、停留的地点或者更换的时间、地点事先通知海关的;
(二)擅自开启、损毁海关加施于物品的封志的;
(三)违反海关法规,致使海关不能或者中断对进出境运输工具、货物、物品实施监管的。
第十七条 携带、邮寄国家禁止进出境的物品进出境,在海关检查以前主动报明的,分别按规定予以没收或者责令退回,并可酌情处以罚款。
第十八条 违反海关监管规定情节轻微,或者当事人主动交待的,可以从轻或者免予处罚。
违反海关监管规定的行为在三年以后发现的,免予处罚。

第四章 走私行为及违反海关监管规定行为的处理
第十九条 走私行为、违反海关监管规定行为的处理,由海关关长决定。
第二十条 海关扣留货物、物品或者运输工具,应当发给扣留凭单。
扣留凭单的格式,由海关总署统一制定。
第二十一条 对于无法或者不便扣留的货物、物品或者运输工具,海关可以向当事人或者运输工具负责人收取等值的保证金或者抵押物。
第二十二条 依法扣留的货物、物品和运输工具,在人民法院判决或者海关处罚决定生效之前,不得处理。但是对于鲜活、易腐或者易失效的货物、物品,可以先行变卖,价款由海关保存,并通知其所有人。
第二十三条 经海关查明,确属来源于走私行为非法取得的存款、汇款,海关可以书面通知银行或者邮局暂停支付,同时通知存款人或者汇款人。暂停支付的期限不得超过三个月。海关作出的处罚决定生效后,有关款项由海关依照《海关法》和本实施细则的规定处理。
第二十四条 企业事业单位、国家机关、社会团体违反海关法规,除处罚该单位外,海关还可以对其主管人员和直接责任人员分别处以人民币一千元以下的罚款。
第二十五条 企业事业单位、国家机关、社会团体违反《海关法》,海关可以视情节暂时停止给予特定减免税优惠,暂时取消其报关资格,或者吊销有关当事人的报关员证书。
第二十六条 对于走私行为、违反海关监管规定行为的处罚,海关应当向当事人送达处罚通知书。
当事人对海关的处罚决定不服的,可以自处罚通知书送达之日起三十日内,向作出处罚决定的海关或者上一级海关书面申请复议;有关海关应当在收到复议申请书后的九十日内作出复议决定,并制发复议决定书送达当事人。当事人对复议决定仍然不服的,可以自复议决定书送达之日起
三十日内,向人民法院起诉。
当事人也可以自处罚通知书送达之日起三十日内,直接向人民法院起诉。当事人选择直接向人民法院起诉的,不得向海关申请复议。
海关处罚通知书和复议决定书的格式,由海关总署统一制定。
第二十七条 海关送达处罚通知书和复议决定书,可以直接送交当事人签收;也可以邮寄送达,以挂号回执上注明的收件日期为送达日期。无法送达的应当公告;公告即视为送达。
第二十八条 当事人在规定期限内未提出复议申请或者起诉的,处罚即为生效。
罚款、违法所得和依法追缴的走私货物、物品或者运输工具的等值价款,应当在海关处罚决定指定的期限内缴清。
第二十九条 受海关处罚的当事人在境内没有永久住所的,应当在离境前缴清罚款、违法所得和依法追缴的货物、物品或者运输工具的等值价款。当事人对海关的处罚决定不服或者在离境前不能缴清上述款项的,应当交付相当于上述款项的保证金、抵押物,或者提供海关认可的其他保
证。
当事人如期履行海关的处罚决定后,海关应当及时发还其交付的保证金、抵押物,其他保证立即终止。
第三十条 当事人逾期不履行海关的处罚决定又不申请复议或者起诉的,作出处罚决定的海关可以将其保证金没收,或者将其被扣留、抵押的货物、物品、运输工具变价抵缴,也可以申请人民法院强制执行。
第三十一条 依照本实施细则处以罚款但不没收进出境货物、物品、运输工具的,不免除当事人依法缴纳关税、办理有关海关手续的义务。

第五章 附 则
第三十二条 海关工作人员滥用职权、故意刁难、拖延监管、查验的,依照国务院关于国家机关工作人员奖惩规定给予行政处分;徇私舞弊、玩忽职守或者放纵走私的,根据情节轻重,依照国务院关于国家机关工作人员奖惩规定给予行政处分或者依照法律规定追究刑事责任。
第三十三条 本实施细则下列用语的含义是:
“物品”,包括货币、金银、有价证券等在内。
“等值”,均以当时当地国营市场零售价格为准;上述价格不能确定时,由海关估定。

“以下”、“以内”,均包括本数在内。
第三十四条 国家限制进出口货物的品名,由国务院主管部门公布。
国家禁止进出境物品的品名由海关总署根据《海关法》和其他有关法律、法规,会同国务院有关主管部门确定,由海关总署公布。
国家限制进出境物品的品名,由海关总署公布。
第三十五条 本实施细则由海关总署负责解释。
第三十六条 本实施细则自1987年7月1日起施行。


  The Rules of Administrative Penalties for the Implementation ofthe Customs Law of the Peoples Republic of China(Promulgated by the Customs General Administration on July 1,1987)Whole Doc.

  Chapter I General Provisions

  Article 1

  Pursuant to Article 60 of the Customs Law the Rules are formulated with a view to implementing the provisions on legal liabilities of the Custom Law of the Peoples Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as the Customs Law).

  Article 2

  The Rules shall be applicable to the smuggling act which does not constitute smuggling crime, to the act of smuggling crime exempted from prosecution and criminal penalties and to handling of acts in violation of the Customs supervision and control.

  Chapter II Act of Smuggling and Punishment

  Article 3

  Any of the following acts constitutes an act of smuggling:

  (1) To transport, carry articles prohibited by the State into or out of the Chinese territory at places without Customs, goods and articles restricted by the State in import and export and goods and articles subject to the Customs duty in accordance with the law without the prior approval by the State Council or the Authority empowered by the State Council.

  (2) To transport, carry or mail at places with Customs imports and exports prohibited, imports and exports restricted and dutiable goods and articles specified by the State into and out of the territory for the purpose of escaping from the Customs supervision and control by means of concealing, falsifying, deceiving, forging or other means.

  (3) To sell bonded goods imported under special permission and other goods under the Customs supervision and control or foreign means of transport already within the territory without permission by the Customs and payment of the Customs duty.

  (4) To sell duty-reduced or duty-exempted goods imported under special permission for specific enterprise and specific use, or to transfer the duty-reduced or duty-exempted goods imported under special permission for a specific area to other areas within the territory without permission by the Customs and payment of the Custom duty.

  Article 4

  Any of the following acts shall be delt with as smuggling:

  (1) To illegally purchase the imported smuggled goods and articles directly from the smuggler.

  (2) To transport, purchase and sell articles prohibited by the State into or out of the territory, or transport, purchase or sell goods and articles restricted by the State in import and export without lawful certificates at Chinas inland territorial waters and territorial waters.

  Article 5

  Punishment shall be made in accordance with the following provisions in the case of any of the acts listed in Article 3 and Article 4 of the Rules:

  (1) Articles which are prohibited into and out of the territory by the State shall be confiscated as well as the illegal incomes and a penalty of less than RMB 50,000 may be imposed in addition in the case of smuggling of such articles.

  (2) The smuggled goods and articles restricted by the State in import and export or goods and articles subjected to the Customs duty under the law and illegal incomes shall be confiscated and a penalty of less than the value of the smuggled goods and articles or less than three times of the Customs duty payable may be in addition imposed.

  (3) Goods and articles used for the purpose to cover up smuggled goods and articles shall be confiscated, and specially designed instruments for concealing smuggled goods and articles shall be confiscated or dismantled by order.

  In case the smuggled goods and articles are beyond the possibility of confiscation, a sum of money equal to the value of smuggled goods and articles shall be collected.

  Article 6

  Smuggling acts committed jointly by two or more persons shall be subject to the approach that the two persons are punished separately according to the seriousness and responsibility of each case.

  Those who conceal what they know of the case and facilitate smugglers shall be punished by confiscating illegal incomes. In the absence of illegal incomes, a penalty of less than RMB 5,000 shall be imposed.

  Article 7

  Those preparing tools and creating conditions for smuggling shall be in lenient manner subject to punishment provided in Article 5 of the Rules.

  Article 8

  Any of the following acts shall be put to punishment in lenient manner or exemption from punishment:

  (1) Slight smuggling;

  (2) The party concerned has confessed its illegal act on his own initiative and informed against offenders and make contributions;

  (3) The smuggling act is discovered three years later;

  The duration provided in above(3) shall be calculated as from the day when the smuggling act is committed. In case the act is successive, the duration shall be calculated as from the day when the last smuggling act is committed.

  Chapter III Punishment and Acts in Violation of the Provisions Regarding the Customs Supervision and Control

  Article 9

  Acts in violation of the Customs law and regulations which do not constitute smuggling are acts in violation of the Provisions regarding the Customs supervision and control.

  Article 10

  Goods imported or exported without any licence and in violation of laws and regulations in relation to the import and export administration shall be confiscated or transported back by order. In the event that the license is issued afterwards which the examination by the license administration authorities, a penalty of less than the value of the goods shall be imposed.

  Article 11

  Any of the following acts shall be imposed a penalty of less than the value of the goods and articles or less than two times of the Customs duty payable:

  (1) To evade the Customs supervision and control and to transport, carry or mail into or out of the territory the goods and articles which do not belong to articles prohibited into or out of the territory or goods and articles restricted in import and export or those goods and articles subject to the Customs duty under the Customs Law.

  (2) To open, pick up, deliver, forward, replace, repackage, mortgage or transfer the goods under the Customs supervision and control or the articles which have not been released into and out of the territory by the Customs without the prior approval by the Customs.

  (3) In handling the transport, storage, processing, assembling and consigning of the bonded goods, failing to provide authentic records or appropriate reasons for the short in quantity.

  (4) To shift the specific imported goods with duty reduction or exemption for other uses without the prior approval by the Customs.

  (5) To intentionally misdeclare the goods when entering or leaving the territory.

  (6) To fail to re-import or re-export the goods which are temporarily exported or imported within the stipulated period of time and instead to acquire the goods inside or outside the territory without permission.

  (7) To fail to transport the transit goods, transshipment goods or through goods out of the territory within the stipulated period of time and instead to acquire the goods presumptuously inside the territory without permission.

  (8) To transfer presumptuously the self-use materials and articles for inward and outward means of transport without the prior approval by the Customs and payment of the Customs duty.

  Article 12

  Any of the following acts shall be imposed a penalty of less than RMB 50,000:

  (1) The means of transport fail to enter or leave the territory at places with the Customs and without the prior approval by the State Council or approval by the Authorities empowered by the State Council.

  (2) The inward and outward means of transport in the "Customs Surveillance Zone" leaves without the prior permission by the Customs.

  (3) The inward and outward means of transport which goes from one place with Customs to another place with Customs divert halfway to places inside or outside the territory without Customs before the completion of Customs procedures and without the prior approval by the Customs.

  Article 13

  Any of the following acts imposed a penalty of less than RMB 30,000:

  (1) Failure to provide the relevant documents to the Customs for examination in accordance with provisions or the documents provided for examination are not authentic when the inward and outward means of transport arrive at or leave the place with the Customs;

  (2) To refuse to accept the inspection and examination by the Customs in accordance with the provisions over the inward and outward means of transport and the goods and articles;

  (3) The inward and outward means of transport load or unload presumptuously the imported and exported goods and articles or passengers entering or leaving the territory without the prior permission by the Customs;

  (4) The inward and outward means of transport conduct presumptuously domestic goods or passenger transportation business or are used for the purpose other than the transportation entering or leaving the territory without the prior permission by the Customs;

  (5) The inward and outward means of transport divert to conduct presumptuously transportation business in the territory without going through Customs procedures in accordance with the provisions;

  (6) In handling the storage, assembling, processing, consigning of the bonded goods, failure to go through receiving, delivery, or canceling procedures in accordance with the provisions, or failure to go through Customs procedures in accordance with the provisions upon suspension, extension, and assignment of relevant contracts;

  (7) To deposit the goods subject to the Customs supervision and control outside the "Customs Surveillance Zone" without the prior permission by the Customs or reject the Customs supervision and control;

  (8) To open presumptuously or damage the Customs seals attached by the customs on the means of transport, warehouses and goods.

  Article 14

  Any of the following acts shall be imposed a penalty of less than RMB 20,000:

  (1) Failure to go along the route designated by the competent transportation administration authorities or the Customs during the time after the inward means of transport have entered the territory but before declaring to the Customs or during the time after the outward means of transport have completed Customs procedures but before leaving the territory.

  (2) The inward and outward vessels, vehicles carry the goods subject to the Customs supervision and control do not go along the route designated by the Customs.

  (3) Failure to report to the Customs without appropriated reasons when the inward and outward vessels and aircraft have to berth, land and throw or unload the goods and articles at the places without Customs due to force majeure.

  Article 15

  Any of the following acts shall be ordered to pay the Customs duty or re-transport the relevant articles and may be imposed in addition a penalty of less than the value of the articles:

  (1) Non-declaration of the self-use articles exceeding the limit stipulated by the Customs in small amount carried or posted personally into or out of the territory;

  (2) False declaration or rejection of the Customs examination over the articles personally carried or posted into or out of the territory.

  (3) Failure to re-carry the articles registered and admitted into or out of the territory by the Customs and temporarily exempted from the Customs duty out of or into the territory;

  (4) Maintaining inside the territory the articles carried into the territory by transit passengers without the prior approval by the Customs;

  Article 16

  Any of the following acts shall be imposed a penalty of less than RMB 1,000:

  (1) To fail to notify the Customs in advance of the time of arrival, the place to stop or the transit and the place thereof of the inward and outward vessels, trains and aircraft without special reasons;

  (2) To open or damage the Customs seals attached by the Customs on the articles without permission;

  (3) To violate the Customs laws and regulations which makes it impossible or suspended that the Customs supervise and control over the inward and outward means of transport, goods and articles.

  Article 17

  Personally carried or posted articles prohibited into or out of the territory by the State, but declared to the Customs before the Customs inspection shall be confiscated or delivered back by order in accordance with the provisions and a penalty may be imposed according to the seriousness of each case.

  Article 18

  Punishment in lenient manner or exemption from punishment shall be accorded in the case of slight violation of the provisions regarding the Customs supervision and control or of voluntary confession.

  Exemption from punishment shall be accorded when act in violation of the provisions regarding the Customs supervision and control is discovered three years later.

  Chapter IV Disposal of Smuggling Act and Act in Violation of the Provisions Regarding the Customs Supervision and Control

  Article 19

  The disposal of the smuggling act and act in violation of the provisions regarding the Customs supervision and control shall be decided by the director of the Customs House.

  Article 20

  Certificates of detainment shall be issued by the Customs for the detainment of goods and articles or means of transport.

  The standard form of the certificates of detainment shall be compiled by the Customs General Administration.

  Article 21

  Customs may collect bond or mortgage equal to the value of the goods and articles or means of transport which are impossible or inconvenient to be detained from the party or the person in charge of the means of transport.

  Article 22

  The goods and articles or means of transport under detainment in accordance with the provisions shall be disposed before the court award is made or the punishment decision by the Customs enters into force. But the goods and articles which are fresh, living, perishable or liable to loosing effect may be sold before the court award or the punishment decision is made. The proceeds shall be deposited in the Customs and the owner shall be notified.

  Article 23

  In the case of deposit or remittance illegally obtained from smuggling acts as confirmed by the Customs through investigation, the Customs may notify, in writings, the bank or the post office to suspend the payment and notify at the same time the depositor or the remitter. The period of such suspension of payment shall not exceed 3 months. After the penalty imposed by the Customs enters into force, the sum of money concerned shall be disposed by the Customs in accordance with the Customs Law and the Rules.

  Article 24

  In the case of violation of the Customs Law by enterprises, institutions, governmental departments or social organizations, Customs may impose a penalty of less than RMB 1,000 on the persons in charge or directly liable in addition to the punishment on the entities.

  Article 25

  In the case of violation of the Customs Law by enterprises, institutions governmental departments or social organizations, Customs may, in the light of the seriousness of the case, suspend the preferential treatments of tax reduction and exemption and nullify temporarily the capacity of declaration to the Customs or revoke the certificate of declaration held by the person concerned.

  Article 26

  Punishment notification shall be delivered to the party in respect of the punishment for violation of the provisions regarding the Customs supervision and control and for the act of smuggling.

  The party disobedient to the punishment decision made by the Customs may apply in writing for reconsideration to the Customs House which made the punishment decision or to the higher level of the Customs House within 30 days after the receipt of the punishment notification. The Customs House in charge shall make a reconsideration decision within 90 days after the receipt of application and make available the reconsideration decision to the party.

  The party disobedient to the reconsideration decision may sue to the court within 30 days after the receipt of letters of such decision.

  The party may also directly sue to the peoples court within 30 days after the receipt of the punishment notification. In the case of direct lawsuit to the peoples court, the party shall not apply to the Customs for the reconsideration.

  The standard form of punishment notification and the reconsideration decision letters shall be compiled by the Customs General Administration.

  Article 27

  The Customs may deliver the punishment notification or letters of the reconsideration decision directly to and for receipt signed by the party, or by mail with the date on the registered note of receipt as the date of service. Proclamation shall be made in the case of impossibility of delivery and shall be regarded as service.

  Article 28

  The punishment decision letter shall enter into force where the party has not applied for the reconsideration or sued to the court within the stipulated period of time.

  Penalties, illegal incomes and a sum of money equal to the value of the smuggled goods and articles of means of transport recovered in accordance with the law shall be paid within the period of time stipulated by the Customs punishment decision.

  Article 29

  In case that the party do not have permanent residence in the territory, payment shall be made in respect of the penalties, illegal incomes and the sum of money equal to the value of the smuggled goods and articles and means of transport recovered in accordance with the law before he leaves the territory In case that the party is disobedient to the punishment or can not pay the sum before he leaves the territory, a bond or mortgage equal in value to the above mentioned sum or other securities approved by the Customs shall be provided.

  In case the performance of the punishment decision made by the Customs within the period of time, the Customs shall immediately return the bonds, mortgages handed in to the party and other securities shall immediately terminate.

  Article 30

  In the case of non-performance of the Customs Punishment and in the absence of application for reconsideration or lawsuit by the party after the stipulated period of time, the Customs which made the punishment decision may confiscate the bonds or sell the goods and articles or means of transport under detainment or on mortgage as the punishment, and the Customs may also apply to the peoples court for enforcement.

  Article 31

  The party shall not be exempted from payment of the Customs duty and completion of the Customs procedures where penalty is imposed in accordance with the Rules but the goods and articles or means of transport are not confiscated.

  Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

  Article 32

  In the case of abuse of powers and intentional delay in the inspection or supervision or control, the Customs personnel shall be subject to administrative punishment in accordance with the provisions regarding the rewards and penalties to governmental personnel stipulated by the State Council. In the case of bribery or dereliction of duty or indulgence of smuggling, administrative punishment shall be imposed in accordance with the provisions regarding rewards and penalties to governmental personnel stipulated by the State Council or legal proceeding shall be persuade for criminal offence in accordance with the law and regulations.

  Article 33

  Terms used in the Rules are defined as follows:

  The term"articles" shall include currencies, gold and silver and securities.

  The term"equal in value" shall be determined according to current retail price in local state-owned market.

  In case the above price can not be determined, the Customs valuation shall be required.

  "include" and"less than" shall include the principal figure.

  Article 34

  The name-list of the goods restricted in import and export by the State shall be promulgated by the competent authorities in charge under the State Council.

  The name-list of the articles prohibited into or out of the territory by the State shall be determined by the Customs General Administration in accordance with the Customs Law and the relevant laws and regulations in association with the competent departments in charge under the State Council and promulgated by the Customs General Administration.

  The name-list of the articles restricted into and out of the territory by the State shall be promulgated by the Customs General Administration.

  Article 35

  The authority of interpretation of the Rules resides in the Customs General Administration of the PRC.

  Article 36

  The Rules shall enter into force on the date of July 1, 1987.